2. toll   noun   

原句: She said, and its toll on the environment.

意思: the amount of damage or the number of deaths and injuries that are caused in a particular war, disaster, etc

字源: senses 1 to 2 and n. sense 4 Old English (denoting a charge, tax, or duty), from medieval Latin toloneum, alteration of late Latin teloneum, from Greek telōnion ‘toll house’, from telos ‘tax’. Sense 2 (late 19th cent.) arose from the notion of paying a toll or tribute in human lives (to an adversary or to death).  v. and n. sense 3 late Middle English: probably a special use of dialect toll ‘drag, pull’. 

例句: Every hour, the news bulletin reported the mounting toll of casualties.



3. terrorize   verb   

原句: Inspired by the 1975 movie about a great white shark that terrorized a tourist town.

意思: to frighten and threaten people so that they will not oppose sth or will do as they are told 

例句: People were terrorized into leaving their homes.



4. comparable   adjective   

原句: A luxury dish comparable to caviar.

意思: similar to sb/sth else and able to be compared

字源: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin comparabilis, from the verb comparare, from compar ‘like, equal’, from com- ‘with’ + par ‘equal’. 

例句: A comparable house in the south of the city would cost twice as much.



5. extinction   noun [uncountable/countable]   

原句: Skates and rays are threatened with extinction.

意思: a situation in which a plant, an animal, a way of life, etc. stops existing

字源: late Middle English: from Latin exstinctio(n-), from exstinguere ‘quench’, from ex- ‘out’ + stinguere ‘quench’. 

例句: We know of several mass extinctions in the earth's history.